Marine Mammal Response Program

The Whale Museum's Marine Mammal Response Program (TWMMMRP) works under the auspices of the National Marine Fisheries Service, a division of NOAA. Our Stranding Agreement through NMFS permits staff to investigate, collect data, and handle live and dead marine mammals within San Juan County. The Whale Museum has operated the program since 1981. The SeaDoc Society began collaborating with the museum in 2002, and both organizations now help to run the program's network of staff, collaborators, and volunteers.

The Marine Mammal Response Program works to research the marine mammals of the Salish Sea and to reduce human impact on marine mammals. We receive about 200 calls a year from the public about many species of marine mammals including harbor seals, northern elephant seals, Steller sea lions, California sea lions, harbor porpoises, Dall’s porpoises, humpback and minke whales, and Pacific white-sided dolphins. Harbor seal pups are the most frequent species called in. When we receive a report, staff determine the appropriate response - this is often for member's of the network to go to the location of the stranding, gather data about the animal and the situation, and determine the next course of action. Live animals may be monitored, left in place, or transported to another location. Dead animals may be left in place or collected for a full post-mortem examination (necropsy).

To Report a stranded marine mammal in San Juan County, Washington call our hotline: 1 (800) 562-8832 or email: hotline@whalemuseum.org

The hotline is a direct line to our program. If the call is not answered, please leave a voicemail including: your name and contact info, type of animal, precise location of the animal, its condition, approximate size, when you saw it, and any further details which may be helpful.

Please consider these points when determining whether an animal is stranded:

When is a marine mammal stranded? As defined by NOAA, a stranded marine mammal is one that is found dead on the beach or in the water, alive on land but unable to return to the water, or alive in the water but unable to return to its natural habitat and/or requiring medical attention.

Porpoises, dolphins, and whales should never be on the shore. If you see one on a beach, alive or dead, it is stranded. Report this immediately.

Seals and sea lions frequently come on shore to rest and sleep. Always keep your distance (at least 100 yards). If the animal is dead or injured, in a busy public location, or being harassed, please call it in.

Do you want calls about dead marine mammals? Yes! We can learn a lot about an animal from its body, and we may collect it in order to conduct a necropsy (animal autopsy).

What if I see a harbor seal with a tag on its head? This seal is part of our pup tagging project, which aims to track the movement and survival of young seals. Please call in and tell us the tag number, and when and where you saw the animal.

What about strandings outside of San Juan County? Our response area is limited to San Juan County, WA. If you have a stranding to report outside the county, or you are not sure which county you are in, call the NOAA West Coast stranded marine mammal hotline (1-866-767-6114) and you will be directed to the appropriate network.

Sharing the Shore with Marine Mammals

All marine mammals are covered by the Marine Mammal Protection Act, which Congress passed in 1972 in order to “maintain the health and stability of the marine ecosystem.” The act acknowledges the vulnerability of marine mammals to human disturbance and makes it illegal to hunt, harass, capture, or kill any marine mammal. In addition, some marine mammals are covered by the Endangered Species Act of 1973. For more information, see these NOAA fact sheets on the MMPA and ESA.

According to these laws, all humans should stay at least 100 yards away from marine mammals on land or in the water. This includes how close dogs on a beach and boats on the water may approach any seal, sea lion, whale, or dolphin. Keep pets on a leash. Animals can become stressed and disrupted with the approach of humans. Plus, they have large teeth and can bite! If the animal starts to stare at you, fidget, or flee, you are too close.

It is also illegal to feed marine mammals. Feeding wild animals reduces their natural wariness of humans and ability to effectively forage on their own, increasing their risk of being injured by boats or entangled in fishing gear. To find out more about how feeding harms them, see this NOAA factsheet.

Harbor seals are particularly vulnerable to human disturbances during the pupping season (June-September in the San Juan Islands). Mother seals are sometimes separated from their pups by disturbances, and they will not return if people or dogs are nearby. Pups need to rest on the beach to stay warm and dry while their mother forages. Since the pups depend on milk for their first month, prolonged separations can be fatal. In addition, groups of harbor seals will sometimes “flush” into the water when disturbed by humans. Pups can be crushed or separated from their mother in the process. Please don’t be the cause of a separation. Keep your distance.

Frequently asked questions about harbor seal pups. For more detailed information see the NOAA Factsheet.

How many pups survive to adulthood? Likely less than half that are born. The Salish Sea has a healthy and stable harbor seal population, as high as the environment can naturally sustain. This means that each year many pups will not make it. The SJCMMSN follows a “let nature take its course” philosophy and will usually only consider rehabilitating a pup if it has been harmed by human interaction. Please help us respect nature’s role in mortality.

I can approach a pup very closely. Is something wrong with it? No. Young pups often have not developed a protective wariness (escape response) and will regard humans with curiosity or indifference. This does not mean it is sick or injured. However, adult seals are wary of humans and its mother will not return if people or dogs are close by. Please stay away.

Why are some harbor seal pups grey and spotted, while others are white and fluffy? The fluffy white (or yellow/silver) coat is called a lanugo coat, and is typically shed in utero before the pup is born. A pup with a lanugo coat has been born prematurely. These premature pups are particularly vulnerable and have only about a 10% survival rate. Full term pups appear gray to black with short fur and spots, similar to adults. For more information, see this NOAA factsheet on lanugo pups.

Research

The TWMMMRP has two primary goals: to research the marine mammals of the Salish Sea and to reduce human impact on marine mammals. We work towards these goals in a number of ways:

• Collecting ‘Level A’ Data: Because marine mammals spend most or all of their lives in the water, strandings are a rare and valuable opportunity to learn basic information about these creatures. For each stranding, we collect what is called ‘Level A’ data which include date, species, sex, age class, location, condition, and simple body measurements such as length and girth. These data are submitted to NOAA and stored in a national database. Through collaboration with other networks, this information gives us an idea about how populations change over time.
• Conducting Necropsies: Recently deceased marine mammals are necropsied in order to determine age, cause of death, and other challenges the animal faced such as pollutants or chronic disease. This allows us to better understand health problems facing the population, as well as diseases that have the potential to spread to other wildlife or humans. Our necropsies are conducted at our marine mammal pathology lab at the University of Washington’s Friday Harbor Labs.
• Pup Tagging Project: In 2011, we began a research project to tag live harbor seal pups so that we can assess and monitor their condition, track their movements, and determine their survival rate. If you see one of our tagged harbor seal pups, please report it to the hotline!
• Providing samples to other researchers: Marine mammal samples are difficult to come by, so we share samples collected through the TWMMMRP with other permitted scientists. Researchers at labs around the United States use our data and tissue samples for a variety of investigations.
• Recording human impact: We document evidence of direct harmful human interaction with marine mammals, such as propeller strikes and entanglement in fishing lines. NOAA uses this information in stock assessment reports and management decisions.
• Mitigating harassment of marine mammals: Live stranded marine mammals—especially harbor seal pups—need their space. Harbor seal mothers will not return if people are around and all animals can be stressed by the presence of humans. Using volunteers, signs, barriers, and occasionally relocation, we try to keep people and their dogs at least 100 yards away, as required by law, to minimize human contact. For cases of negative human interaction (HI), we may consider collecting the animal and transporting it to Wolf Hollow Wildlife Rehabilitation Center on San Juan Island or SR3 Rehabilitation Center in Seattle for treatment.
• Educating the public: We depend on the public—both residents and visitors—to call in strandings and to be respectful of marine mammals they encounter on beaches. In addition to brochures and signs posted at beaches and public areas around the San Juans, we host outreach tables at marinas during the summer season, contribute to articles in local newspapers, and share updates on social media.
• Responding to entanglements: Our staff work closely with NOAA and other entanglement responders within the region to help entangled marine mammals. For entangled pinnipeds, we work closely with veterinarians and biologists with expertise in methods like capture and remote sedation. For entangled whales, we are part of the Pacific Northwest Large Whale Entanglement Response Network. This includes helping coordinate and conduct responses within the region, storing the region's response gear, and hosting/attending trainings to develop our team's response capacity. Data from any of these responses contribute to entanglement mitigation and prevention efforts.

Read the 2020 peer-reviewed paper as a result of some of our research: Causes of Mortality in a Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina) Population at Equilibrium. Available here.

Volunteer

The success of TWMMMRP would not be possible without the dedication of our volunteers. There are over ninety people on eight islands who volunteer their time to help us investigate strandings, educate the public, and conduct necropsies. Most of our volunteers are “on-call.” When we have a stranding in their area, we may contact them to see if they are available to investigate or assist.

If you are interested in volunteering, please email hotline@whalemuseum.org with your interest Although our annual training sessions are typically in early May, we welcome people at any time of the year. We are especially looking for volunteers from Shaw, Waldron, and any other smaller island in San Juan County.

Donate

Because the Marine Mammal Response Program is a program of the Whale Museum, its finances are administered through the museum. You can help support the work of the Marine Mammal Response Program by making a donation to TWMMMRP on our website, Adopting an Orca, or becoming a Museum Member.

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General question or concern: email hotline@whalemuseum.org